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A study by the UPV / EHU seeks to characterize the autistic population more effectively by observing the strategies they use to fit into society.

Posted on February 23, 2023April 19, 2023 by BP

A multidisciplinary team from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lindy Lab-Language in Neurodiversity, suggests that delving deeper into the barely studied phenomenon of camouflaging can improve autism research. The study draws attention to the importance of understanding this phenomenon better and improving current measurement methods in order to propose priorities for future research.

Research into camouflaging is still relatively very recent, its nature has been barely studied and there are a lot of open questions. This work therefore aims to present an integrative view of camouflaging. It can be characterized as the set of strategies adopted by the autistic population to fit into the social world. “Our aim is to understand this phenomenon better and to analyze in depth how camouflaging develops, so that some suggestions can be put forward on how to step up research into it,” said Valentina Petrolini, researcher in the UPV/EHU’s Lindy Lab group and one of the authors of the study.

People normally camouflage themselves with two aims in mind: to hide their diagnosis and to fit in socially. “We would say that people camouflage themselves when they rehearse conversations they are going to have, when they imitate other people’s gestures and expressions and, in general, when they make an effort to hide their autistic traits,” explained Valentina Petrolini. “Many studies link the attempt by these individuals to pass themselves off as who they are not with high levels of anxiety and long-term mental problems,” added the UPV/EHU researcher.

How is camouflaging detected in the autistic population? Tools, such as tests and questionnaires currently exist, but they overlook a high proportion of people in the spectrum, such as people who unconsciously camouflage themselves, people with intellectual and/or linguistic disabilities, etc. In this work, “we are proposing that information be triangulated by using existing evidence, gathering information from the environment, observing a person’s behavior in different contexts and talking to people in different contexts… in other words, by observing the phenomenon of camouflaging without directly asking the person involved,” said Valentina Petrolini.

Extending the study of camouflaging to groups that are currently overlooked also has significant implications in terms of impact. That is why this study extends the discussion on camouflaging to currently little studied groups on the autism spectrum, i.e. children and adults with linguistic and/or intellectual disabilities. “We argue that camouflaging in these groups may differ from what the current literature describes as typical cases of camouflaging,” said Valentina Petrolini. “One of the points that emerges from our study,” Petrolini went on, “is that camouflaging may emerge differently, and exert a different impact, depending on the people who do it”.

This purely theoretical work concludes that “the basis of much of the research conducted so far is limited to the characterisation and representativeness of the participants, suggesting that the findings cannot be applied to the autistic community as a whole”, said Valentina Petrolini. The work also highlights the need to explore the phenomenon of autism in greater depth and to develop measuring tools that are more accurate and inclusive than the current ones. “We could even go as far as to say that it is a call to action so that generalized conclusions are not drawn without having an accurate picture of the situation,” said the UPV/EHU’s Lindy Lab research group.

Un estudio de la UPV/EHU busca caracterizar de forma más eficaz a la población autista observando las estrategias que utiliza para encajar en la sociedad.

Un equipo multidisciplinar de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Lindy Lab-Language in Neurodiversity, sugiere que profundizar en el apenas estudiado fenómeno del camuflaje puede mejorar la investigación del autismo. El estudio destaca la importancia de comprender mejor este fenómeno y mejorar los métodos de medición actuales con el fin de proponer prioridades para futuras investigaciones.

La investigación sobre el camuflaje es todavía relativamente muy reciente, su naturaleza apenas ha sido estudiada y quedan muchas preguntas abiertas. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una visión integradora del camuflaje. Se puede caracterizar como el conjunto de estrategias adoptadas por la población autista para encajar en el mundo social. “Nuestro objetivo es entender mejor este fenómeno y analizar en profundidad cómo se desarrolla el camuflaje, de manera que se puedan plantear algunas sugerencias sobre cómo intensificar la investigación al respecto”, afirma Valentina Petrolini, investigadora del grupo Lindy Lab de la UPV/EHU y uno de los autores del estudio.

Las personas normalmente se camuflan con dos objetivos en mente: ocultar su diagnóstico y encajar socialmente. “Diríamos que las personas se camuflan cuando ensayan las conversaciones que van a tener, cuando imitan los gestos y expresiones de otras personas y, en general, cuando se esfuerzan por ocultar sus rasgos autistas”, explica Valentina Petrolini. “Muchos estudios relacionan el intento de estas personas de hacerse pasar por lo que no son con altos niveles de ansiedad y problemas mentales a largo plazo”, añade la investigadora de la UPV/EHU.

¿Cómo se detecta el camuflaje en la población autista? Actualmente existen herramientas, como tests y cuestionarios, pero pasan por alto una alta proporción de personas del espectro, como personas que se camuflan inconscientemente, personas con discapacidad intelectual y/o lingüística, etc. En este trabajo, “estamos proponiendo que la información se calcule utilizando la evidencia existente, recopilando información del entorno, observando el comportamiento de una persona en diferentes contextos y hablando con personas en diferentes contextos… en otras palabras, observando el fenómeno del camuflaje sin preguntar directamente a la persona involucrada”, dijo Valentina Petrolini.

Extender el estudio del camuflaje a grupos que actualmente se pasan por alto también tiene implicaciones significativas en términos de impacto. Es por eso que este estudio extiende la discusión sobre el camuflaje a grupos del espectro autista actualmente poco estudiados, es decir, niños y adultos con discapacidades lingüísticas y/o intelectuales. “Argumentamos que el camuflaje en estos grupos puede diferir de lo que la literatura actual describe como casos típicos de camuflaje”, dijo Valentina Petrolini. “Uno de los puntos que surge de nuestro estudio”, continuó Petrolini, “es que el camuflaje puede surgir de manera diferente y ejercer un impacto diferente, dependiendo de las personas que lo hacen”.

Este trabajo puramente teórico concluye que “la base de gran parte de la investigación realizada hasta ahora se limita a la caracterización y representatividad de los participantes, lo que sugiere que los hallazgos no se pueden aplicar a la comunidad autista en su conjunto”, dijo Valentina Petrolini. El trabajo también destaca la necesidad de profundizar en el fenómeno del autismo y desarrollar herramientas de medición más precisas e integradoras que las actuales. “Incluso podríamos llegar a decir que es una llamada a la acción para que no se saquen conclusiones generalizadas sin tener una imagen precisa de la situación”, apunta el grupo de investigación Lindy Lab de la UPV/EHU.

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