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SOME TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE AERONAUTIC SECTOR

Posted on January 24, 2023 by Ane

So as to commit to the new objectives of the European Union in sustainability and mobility, the sector has been forced to make some needed renovations in the fleet as well as in the new systems of fabrication. 

The new objectives of the European Union in environmental matters have affected the aeronautical sector in the sense of investing in technological research as well as in innovative solutions in the area for an adequate transformation of aviation. The specific European objective consists of reducing between 30 and 50% CO2 emissions and improving the mobility of people and goods.

Regarding sustainability aimed at achieving climate neutrality within the aeronautical sector, the main lines of research are currently focused on reducing emissions through new propulsion systems with energy sources such as electricity, hydrogen or SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel). In addition, lighter designs are being investigated in structural components and more efficient in the case of aerodynamic ones.

The combination of both aspects leads to the need to develop new aircraft architectures, prepared to accommodate the new propulsion and energy storage systems. The trend towards electrification and digitization of the sector also poses new challenges in the field of actuation and control systems. The new generation of aircraft will require new designs that integrate all these technologies to achieve sustainable transport.

In relation to the new trends in mobility, according to forecasts from leading aeronautical manufacturing companies, in the coming decades there will be a significant increase in air traffic, up to doubling the traffic prior to the pandemic in 2041, and a significant renewal of aircraft. The fleet of aircraft with more than 100 seats is expected to double. Studies indicate an increase in new types of aircraft to meet the demand for mobility depending on the type of journey and cargo to be transported (passengers, merchandise, unmanned aircraft, etc.).

In this sense, a greater use of electric propulsion is expected for short flights, urban mobility and specific aircraft models such as helicopters. For hydrogen, the range is extended to medium and short flights. Long flights will continue to be operated by aircraft powered by ultra-efficient turbine technologies that use fuels and SAF or hybrid technologies that exploit the advantages of different alternatives (electricity, hydrogen and SAF).

INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA EN VISTAS A REDUCIR EL IMPACTO MEDIOAMBIENTAL DEL SECTOR AERONÁUTICO

Con el objetivo de cumplir la normativa de la Unión Europea sobre sostenibilidad y movilidad el sector ha realizado una renovación necesaria tanto en la flota como en los nuevos sistemas de fabricación. 

Los nuevos objetivos de la Unión Europea en materia de medioambiente han afectado al sector aeronáutico en el sentido de invertir en investigación tecnológica así como en soluciones innovadoras en el área para una adecuada transformación de la aviación. El objetivo europeo concreto consiste en reducir entre el 30 y el 50% las emisiones de CO2 y mejorar la movilidad de las personas y mercancías.

En cuanto a la sostenibilidad dirigida a conseguir la neutralidad climática dentro del sector aeronáutico, las principales líneas de investigación se centran actualmente en reducir las emisiones a través de nuevos sistemas de propulsión con fuentes de energía como la electricidad, el hidrógeno o el SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel). Además, se investiga en diseños más ligeros en componentes estructurales y más eficientes en el que caso de los aerodinámicos.

La combinación de ambos aspectos lleva a la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas arquitecturas de aeronaves, preparadas para acoger los nuevos sistemas de propulsión y almacenamiento de energía. La tendencia a la electrificación y digitalización del sector plantea también nuevos retos en el campo de los sistemas de actuación y control.La nueva generación de aeronaves requerirá nuevos diseños que integren todas estas tecnologías para alcanzar un transporte sostenible.

En relación con las nuevas tendencias en movilidad, según previsiones de destacadas compañías de fabricación aeronáutica, en las próximas décadas se producirá un importante aumento del tráfico aéreo, hasta duplicar el tráfico previo a la pandemia en 2041, y una renovación significativa de las aeronaves. Se prevé que la flota de aviones de más de 100 plazas se duplique. Los estudios indican un aumento de nuevos tipos de aeronaves para atender la demanda de movilidad según el tipo de trayecto y carga a transportar (pasajeros, mercancías, naves no tripuladas, etc.).

En este sentido, se espera un mayor uso de propulsión eléctrica para vuelos cortos, movilidad urbana y modelos concretos de aeronaves como los helicópteros. Para el hidrógeno, se extiende el rango hasta los vuelos medios y cortos. Los vuelos largos seguirán siendo operados por aviones propulsados por tecnologías de turbinas ultra eficientes que emplean combustibles y SAF o tecnologías híbridas que exploten las ventajas de las diferentes alternativas (electricidad, hidrógeno y SAF).

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