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Researchers of the UPV/ EHU have studied how psychedelic drugs could treat psychiatric disorders

Posted on February 9, 2023February 6, 2023 by Ane

Researchers in the UPV / EHU (University of the Basque Country) Neuropsychopharmacology group have published a scientific paper in which the mechanism of action of the hallucinogen psilocybin in mice is studied in depth. Psilocybin is in advanced stages of clinical trials aimed at treating various psychiatric disorders such as depression or addictions.

Psilocybin has emerged as a potentially useful drug for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, and has displayed a rapid onset of therapeutic activity. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects remain poorly understood. A piece of work by the UPV/EHU’s Neuropsychopharmacology group and published under the title ‘Serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptor involvement in the acute effects of psilocybin in mice. In vitro pharmacological profile and modulation of thermoregulation and head-twitch response’, entails an in-depth study into the mechanism of action of the hallucinogen psilocybin in mice. The results are significant when it comes to understanding both the mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects and the potential unwanted side effects of this psychedelic substance.

Psilocybin occurs naturally in certain species of hallucinogenic mushrooms (fungi of the ‘Psilocybe’ genus, among others). It was studied during the 1960s for the treatment of various mental disorders, but its use and distribution were banned from 1972 onwards. However, in recent years, the scientific community has resumed research on this and other substances with similar characteristics, such as MDMA or LSD. Clinical trials conducted in both Europe and America are displaying promising results. “These studies have triggered the decriminalization of psilocybin and other hallucinogens with therapeutic potential in the United States, which is a step towards the future approval for their clinical use by the various regulatory agencies, mainly the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA),” explained Ines Erkizia, pre-doctoral researcher in the group and lead author of the article.

The acute effects of psilocybin and its active metabolite, psilocin, have been widely described both in clinical settings and by users in recreational settings. These include changes in perception, such as auditory or visual hallucinations, and mystical or spiritual experiences. Among the long-term effects, users perceive positive changes in mood and state of mind, which could lead to an improvement in the symptoms of certain psychiatric disorders. The mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood, but have been linked to increases in neuronal plasticity that appear to involve alterations in the connectivity of the cerebral cortex.

Investigadores de la UPV/EHU han estudiado cómo las drogas psicodélicas podrían tratar trastornos psiquiátricos

Investigadores del grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología de la UPV/EHU (Universidad del País Vasco) han publicado un artículo científico en el que se profundiza en el mecanismo de acción del alucinógeno psilocibina en ratones. La psilocibina se encuentra en etapas avanzadas de ensayos clínicos destinados a tratar diversos trastornos psiquiátricos como la depresión o las adicciones.

La psilocibina ha surgido como un fármaco potencialmente útil para una serie de trastornos neuropsiquiátricos y ha mostrado un inicio rápido de actividad terapéutica. Sin embargo, los mecanismos responsables de estos efectos siguen siendo poco conocidos. Un trabajo del grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología de la UPV/EHU y publicado con el título ‘Serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptor implicación en los efectos agudos de la psilocibina en ratones. Perfil farmacológico in vitro y modulación de la termorregulación y la respuesta de contracción de la cabeza’, supone un estudio en profundidad del mecanismo de acción del alucinógeno psilocibina en ratones. Los resultados son significativos a la hora de comprender tanto el mecanismo de acción subyacente a los efectos terapéuticos como los posibles efectos secundarios no deseados de esta sustancia psicodélica.

La psilocibina se encuentra de forma natural en determinadas especies de hongos alucinógenos (hongos del género ‘Psilocybe’, entre otros). Fue estudiado durante la década de 1960 para el tratamiento de diversos trastornos mentales, pero su uso y distribución fueron prohibidos a partir de 1972. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, la comunidad científica ha retomado las investigaciones sobre esta y otras sustancias de similares características, como la MDMA o el LSD. Los ensayos clínicos realizados tanto en Europa como en América están mostrando resultados prometedores. “Estos estudios han desencadenado la despenalización de la psilocibina y otros alucinógenos con potencial terapéutico en Estados Unidos, lo que supone un paso hacia la futura aprobación para su uso clínico por parte de las distintas agencias reguladoras, principalmente la Food & Drug Administration (FDA) y la European Agencia del Medicamento (EMA)”, explica Inés Erkizia, investigadora predoctoral del grupo y autora principal del artículo.

Los efectos agudos de la psilocibina y su metabolito activo, la psilocina, han sido ampliamente descritos tanto en entornos clínicos como por usuarios en entornos recreativos. Estos incluyen cambios en la percepción, como alucinaciones auditivas o visuales, y experiencias místicas o espirituales. Entre los efectos a largo plazo, los usuarios perciben cambios positivos en el estado de ánimo y el estado de ánimo, lo que podría conducir a una mejoría en los síntomas de ciertos trastornos psiquiátricos. Los mecanismos que subyacen a estos efectos no se comprenden completamente, pero se han relacionado con aumentos en la plasticidad neuronal que parecen implicar alteraciones en la conectividad de la corteza cerebral.

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